Cjelina 9: U zdravom tijelu zdrav duh
⚙️ 9 | 2 | Lekcija 1: Želje za budućnost – Gramatika
The noun “san”
The noun san (dream) is a masculine, one syllable noun. This means that in its plural form, before adding the general masculine –i ending, we need to add –ov– to the stem of the word. Another important component to have in mind about this noun is that it has a fleeting –a (san, sing / snovi, pl.). Look at the noun in different cases.
San (singular) > snovi (plural)
Nominative
- Koji je tvoj san za budućnost? What is your dream for the future?
- Koji su tvoji snovi? What are your dreams?
Accusative
- Mislim na san koji sam sanjala sinoć. I’m thinking of a dream that I had last night.
- Uvijek gledam na snove kao nešto dobro. I always look at my dreams as something good.
Dative
- Nikada ne dajem važnost snu. I never give importance to a dream.
- Ne dajem vašnost snovima. I never give importance to my dreams.
Locative
- O čemu pričaš? –O snu koji sam sinoć sanjala. What are you talking about? –About the dream I had last night.
- Uvijek pričaš o snovima. You always talk about [your] dreams.
Genitive
- Nema sna koji nema značenje. There is no dream that doesn’t have a meaning.
- Iz snova uvijek nešto zaključim. From [my] dreams I always make a conclusion.
The noun “posao”
We already encountered the noun posao in Unit 4. However, here is a bit more information – the declension pattern of the noun. The noun posao is an irregular masculine noun. It undergoes several changes when changing case forms.
These changes are:
- most of the time the noun will lose the -a-
- most of the time the final -o will change to -l before adding the case ending
| Case | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Ovo je moj posao. | This is my job. |
| Accusative | Ja volim ići na posao. | I like to go to work. |
| Genitive | Imam puno posla. | I have a lot of work. |
| Locative | Na poslu je dobro. | At work it’s all good. |
| Dative | Radujem se novom poslu. | I’m looking forward to my new job. |
| Instrumental | S poslom dolaze i obaveze. | With a job come commitments as well. |
New Verbs
Most of the new verbs that you have encountered in this lesson are regular –ati (mijenjati, diplomirati) or –iti verbs (završiti, potrošiti, etc.).
| Croatian | English |
|---|---|
| mijenjati | to change |
| zaraditi | to earn |
| diplomirati | to graduate |
| razviti | to develop |
| završiti | to finish |
| potrošiti | to spend |
| prijaviti se | to apply [for] |
| iznositi | to amount |
Difference between “prijaviti se” and “prijavljivati se”
Both verbs have the same meaning – to apply [for a job]. They represent the aspectual pair. The verb prijaviti se is a perfective verb (one time action), and prijavljivati se is an imperfective form (repetitive, ongoing action). The verb prijaviti se is a regular –iti verb (ja se prijavim, ti se prijaviš, etc.). The verb prijavljivati se is a verb that belongs to a group of –ivati verbs and certain modifications happen with this verb. Think of the verb putovati for example – it follows the same structure.
| prijaviti se | prijavljivati se |
|---|---|
| prijavim se | prijavlj-u-jem se |
| prijaviš se | prijavlj-u-ješ se |
| prijavi se | prijavlj-u-je se |
| prijavimo se | prijavlj-u-jemo se |
| prijavite se | prijavlj-u-jete se |
| prijave se | prijavlj-u-ju se |
Feminine Nouns in -ost
In this lesson you have encountered several nouns that end in –ost.
Feminine nouns:
- povijest (history)
- budućnost (future)
- prednost (advantage)
- umjetnost (art)
All these nouns belong to a specific group of nouns that take feminine gender. Even though they end in a consonant, they are feminine nouns. These nouns have specific endings that are not like the ones you learned when we first talked about feminine gender. Look at some examples below. Pay special attention to the Instrumental case. All –ost nouns will behave in this way.
Nominative
- Bit ću pilot. To je moja budućnost. / I will be a pilot. That’s my future.
Accusative
- Gledam budućnost i radujem se novim stvarima. / I’m looking at the future and can’t wait for new things to happen.
Dative
- Radujem se budućnosti. / I’m looking forward to (my) future.
Locative
- Pričamo o budućnosti. / We are talking about the future.
Genitive
- Ako se nastavi globalno zatopljenje nema dobre budućnosti. / If global warming continues, there is no bright future.
Instrumental
- S budućnosti / budućnošću dolazi i odgovornost./ With the future comes responsibility as well.
9.2.1 Zadatak 1: Glagoli
Read the sentences carefully and use the most appropriate verb in the correct form to finish the sentence. If more than one option is possible, use only one verb. Be careful if the verb is a reflexive verb, you will need to include the se part in your writing. Think of the new verbs that we covered in class today:
- mijenjati, razviti, diplomirati, potrošiti, završiti, iznositi, zaraditi, prijaviti se
9.2.1 Zadatak 2: Imenice na –ost
Read the sentences carefully and use the most appropriate noun in the correct case form to finish the sentence. If more than one option is possible, use only one noun. Choose from the following nouns:
- povijest, budućnost, prednost, umjetnost
