Cjelina 8: Tradicionalna hrana
⚙️ 8 | 3 | Lekcija 3: U restoranu – Gramatika
The verb “nuditi”
The verb nuditi can be used in different situations, but all with the meaning of to offer. Look at the examples below.
| audio | pronoun | verb form |
|---|---|---|
| ja | nud-im | |
| ti | nud-iš | |
| on/ona/ono | nud-i | |
| mi | nud-imo | |
| vi | nud-ite | |
| oni/one/ona | nud-e |
Examples:
Uvijek kad idem kod Marka on mi nudi kavu. Dobro zna da ja ne pijem kavu.
- Every time I go and visit Marko he offers me coffee. He knows well that I don’t drink coffee.
Naš restoran nudi raznoliku hranu.
- Our restaurant offers a variety of food items.
Trgovina nudi razne proizvode.
- The shop offers different products.
Personal Pronouns in the Accusative Case as Direct Objects
Often in speech, if we know what we are talking about, we can use a personal pronoun instead of the noun we are referring to. For example: Have you seen the movie? – Yes, I saw it yesterday. This same concept is possible in Croatian as well. However, unlike in English, we have to think of the gender of the noun the pronoun replaces and its correct case form. For direct objects, the correct form of the personal pronoun would be used in the Accusative case. Let’s look at several examples in the Present tense.
| Gender | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|
| m. sing. | Poznaješ li Jamesa? | Da, poznajem ga. |
| f. sing. | Poznaješ li moju sestru? | Da, poznajem je. |
| n. sing. | Poznaješ li moje dijete? | Da, poznajem ga. |
| m. pl. | Poznaješ li moje prijatelje? | Da, poznajem ih. |
| f. pl. | Poznaješ li moje sestre? | Da, poznajem ih. |
| n. pl. | Poznaješ li moju djecu? | Da, poznajem ih. |
Personal pronouns in the Accusative.
As you know, personal pronouns in the Accusative case can have stressed and unstressed forms. Look at the table below.
| Pronoun | Acc. stressed | Acc. unstressed |
|---|---|---|
| ja | mene | me |
| ti | tebe | te |
| on / ono | njega | ga |
| ona | nju | je / ju |
| mi | nas | — |
| vi | vas | — |
| oni/one/ona | njih | ih |
Only the feminine singular form (ona) has two different unstressed options. The difference between them is that one form is used in present and future tense sentences (the form: je), while the second form is used in past tense sentences (the form: ju). Look at the examples:
Present Tense
- Poznaješ li moju sestru?
- Da, poznajem je.
Future Tense
- Hoće li vidjeti sestru danas?
- Da, vidjet ću je večeras.
Past Tense
- Je li on vidio tvoju sestru?
- Da, vidio ju je.
As you can see, in the past tense, the unstressed form ju comes between the verb and the auxiliary verb to be. This is not like what happens in English. Note that in the past tense, the feminine unstressed form je becomes ju. The reason for this lies in the fact that we cannot have je je together. For example: Vidio je (unstressed form) je (unstressed form of the verb biti) – it has to become vidio ju je.
- Je li on vidio tvoju sestru? (Did he see your sister?)
- Da, vidio ju je. (Yes, he saw her.)
8.3.3 Zadatak 1: Jesi li…?
Complete the sentences by using the correct unstressed form of the personal pronoun in the Accusative case.
