Cjelina 1: Dobro došli!
⚙️ 1 | 3 | Lekcija 1: Odakle si? – Gramatika
Areas of study
Look at the following areas of studies separated by gender.
Feminine singular / plural
| audio | area of study | audio | area of study |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📚 književnost | 🎨 umjetnost | ||
| ⌛ povijest | 💰 ekonomija | ||
| 🗣️ lingvistika | 👥 sociologija | ||
| 🧬 biologija | 🧪 kemija | ||
| ➕ ➗ matematika | ⚛️ fizika | ||
| 🏥 medicina | 🌐 političke znanosti |
Masculine singular
| audio | area of study | audio | area of study |
|---|---|---|---|
| 👗 dizajn | 🎞️ film |
Neuter singular
| audio | area of study | audio | area of study |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🧑⚖️ pravo | 🗞️ novinarstvo |
Looking at the chart above, we see several irregularities:
- književnost 📚 — feminine singular
- umjetnost 🎨 — feminine singular
- povijest ⌛ — feminine singular
- političke znanosti 🌐 — feminine plural
We will come back to these irregular nouns later on. For now, note that only regular feminine nouns will go through a certain change when expressing that we study something or that we like something. To explain in more detail: In this lesson you have encountered two new questions that we can ask to collect more information about someone:
- Što voliš? [What do you like?]
- Što studiraš? [What are you studying?]
With these two questions we are taking a step further with grammar in Croatian. The verb voljeti (to like/to love) and the verb studirati (to study [for a specific degree]) require that the noun that they refer to is in the Accusative Case form. Since this is just the initial step in learning the Accusative case, just remember that only regular feminine nouns will change their endings. Look at the chart below.
| Sentence | Does NOT change | Changes the form |
|---|---|---|
| Studiram … | pravo | kemija → kemiju |
| Volim … | novinarstvo | biologija → biologiju |
| film | medicina → medicinu | |
| dizajn | fizika → fiziku | |
| književnost | matematika → matematiku | |
| umjetnost | medicina → medicinu | |
| povijest | lingvistika → lingvistiku | |
| političke znanosti | sociologija → sociologiju |
Direct object and the accusative case
The Accusative case is used when we want to add more information about a certain action. For example, the English sentence “I study.” makes sense, but it still does not express a complete meaning/message that we want to express. Now, look at the following sentence: I study biology. It answers the question ‘what do you study’. Biology is the what – the thing being studied, also known as the direct object of the verb ‘study’. The Nominative case endings of nouns are the “dictionary forms” for nouns. Almost all of the nouns that you have encountered in Unit 1 have been shown in the nominative case.
You already know the Nominative forms of:
- MASCULINE
- masculine singular nouns end in a consonant
- masculine plural nouns mostly end in –i
- FEMININE
- feminine singular nouns end in –а
- feminine plural nouns mostly end in –e
- NEUTER
- neuter singular nouns end in –о or –e
- neuter plural nouns mostly end in –a
The Accusative case singular form endings:
- masculine singular nouns (not referring to people) are identical to the Nominative case forms
- feminine singular nouns (ending) change from: –a → –u
- neuter singular nouns are identical to the Nominative case forms
The Nominative and the Accusative of various areas of study are presented in the table below, separated by gender: masculine, feminine, neuter, respectively.
| Gender | Nominative | Accusative |
|---|---|---|
| masculine | film | film |
| feminine | fizika | fiziku |
| neuter | novinarstvo | novinarstvo |
1.3.1 Zadatak 1. Što studiraš?
Look at the picture and choose the correct answer.
1.3.1 Zadatak 2. Što voliš?
Look at the pictures and choose the correct answer.
Media Attributions
- Field of interest © All images are in the public domain or under a similar license where attribution is not required.
