Уро́к 10
10.3 Grammar – Dative Case!
Люби́мая Грамма́тика
I. Introduction
You have been learning some things about the Dative case. You know that to say how old someone is or to say you like something, you use the Dative case.
You already know these two uses AND all the endings, which itself is a HUGE part of the battle. There are some other uses of the Dative case and some general things to know about it, however.
Watch the following video to learn more about the Dative that you will be seeing this unit.
[VIDEO]
II. We use Dative Case for INDIRECT OBJECTS
What we are going to concentrate on in this particular module, 5.5, is the notion of INDIRECT OBJECT. We will look at several verbs that take the Dative Case and start incorporating them in our language.
Watch the following slideshow to learn about INDIRECT OBJECTS and the read through some examples below, comparing the Russian to the English translations to see what’s going on here.
[VIDEO]
Например
Nouns and Adjectives that indicate the recipient in the sentence take Dative case. Read the following sentences, comparing the Russian to the English:
Студе́нт сдавал профе́ссору курсо́вую рабо́ту.
A student turned in a paper to the professor.
профе́ссор > профе́ссору
The “professor” is in Dative because he is the recipient of the paper.
Ба́бушка звони́т вну́ку ка́ждое воскресе́нье.
Grandmother calls her grandchild every Sunday.
внук > вну́ку
The “grandson” is in Dative because he is the recipient of the calls.
Он писа́л дру́гу о но́вом до́ме
He wrote (to) his friend about his new house.
друг > дру́гу
The “friend” will be in Dative because he is the recipient of the message.
The take-away:
The INDIRECT OBJECT is the recipient – the one who receives the … wait for it … DIRECT OBJECT. Did you notice that? You know about DIRECT OBJECTS, right? The DIRECT OBJECT is the thing that undergoes the action of the verb – it directly receives the action of the verb. DIRECT. The INDIRECT OBJECT is the one who receives the DIRECT OBJECT. Make sense?
III. The Mechanics and Spelling Rules!
Review the endings:
Masculine Nouns
1) Add -у to the masculine nouns with hard-stem:
- брат + у = бра́ту
- муж + у = му́жу
- оте́ц + у = отцу́*
- ребёнок + у = ребёнку*
*Notice, оте́ц / ребёнок have a ‘fleeting vowel’ that disappears when a case ending is added. We’ll learn more about these later. For now, you should remember these on a case by case basis.
2) If a masculine noun ends in soft sign (-ь), replace it with -ю
- И́горь – И́горю
- царь – царю́
3) If a masculine noun ends in the soft й, drop it and add ю.
- Андре́й – Андре́ю
- Серге́й – Серге́ю
Neuter Nouns
First, drop the neuter ending -о or -е. Then, GOOD NEWS, just like Masculine nouns, add -у or -ю, depending on whether the stem is hard or soft. (We will talk about hard vs soft stem next semester). Typically, if the neuter noun ends in -о , this indicates a hard stem, so you’ll add -у , and if the noun ends in -е , it indicates a soft stem, so you’ll add -ю.
- окно́ – окну́
- мо́ре – мо́рю
Feminine Nouns
OK – ready for this one? The Dative feminine endings are EXACTLY like Prepositional femining endings! By this, I mean:
1). Replace both -a & -я endings with -e ending:
- сестра́ – сестре́
- жена́ – жене́
- ма́ма – ма́ме
- тётя – тёте
2). Notice that па́па and дя́дя have feminine endings, so they decline like feminine nouns here. You’ve seen this with all other cases, as well.
- па́па – па́пе
- дя́дя – дя́де
3). Recall words, like Россия и Мария, whose endings are -ия. Just like with Prepositional Case, the endings are -ии
- Росси́я – Росси́и
- Мари́я – Мари́и
4). Similarly, words that end in -ь, will get -и ending in Dative Case, just like Prepositional Case:
- пло́щадь – пло́щади
Yep, that’s it! Now for some счастли́вая пра́ктика!
